Python supports many built-in methods to manipulate strings. A method is just like function. The only difference between a function and method is that a method is invoked or called on an object. For example, if the variable str is a string, then you can call the upper() method as str.upper() to convert all the characters of str in uppercase.
The following table discusses some of the most commonly used string methods.
| Method | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|
| capitalize() | This method is used to capitalize first letter of the string. | str = ‘hello’ print(str.capitalize) output – Hello |
| center(width, fillchar) | Returns a string with the original string centered to a total of width columns and filled with fillchar in columns that do not have characters. | str = ‘hello’ print(str.center(10, ‘*’)) output – **hello*** |
| count(str, beg, end) | Counts number of times str occurs in a string. You can specify beg as 0 and end as the length of the message to search the entire string or use any other value to just search a part of the string. | str = ‘he’ message = ‘helloworldhellohello’ print(message.count(str, 0, len(message))) output – 3 |
| endswith(suffix, beg, end) | Checks if string ends with suffix. returns True if so and False otehrwise. You can either set beg=0 and end equal to the length of the message to search entire string or use any other value to search a part of it. | message = ‘She is my best friend’ print(message.endswith(‘end’, 0, len(message))) output – True |
| startswith(prefix, beg, end) | Checks if string starts with prefix. If so, it returns True and False otherwise. | str=’The world is beautiful’ print(str.startswith(‘Th’, 0, len(str))) output – True |
| find(str, beg, end) | Checks if str is present in string. If found it returns the position at which str occurs in string, otherwise returns -1. | message= ‘She is my best friend’ print(message.find(‘my’, 0, len(message))) output – 7 |
| index(str, beg, end) | Same as find but raises an exception if str is not found. | message = ‘she is my best friend’ print(message.index(‘mine’, 0, len(message))) output – ValueError: substring not found |
| rfind(str, beg, end) | Same as find but starts searching from the end | str = ‘Is this your bag?’ print(str.rfind(‘is’, 0, len(str))) output – 5 |
| rindex(str, beg, end) | Same as index but start searching from the end and raises an exception if str is not found | str = ‘Is this your bag?’ print(str.rindex(‘you’, 0, len(str))) output – 8 |
| isalnum() | Returns True if string has at least 1 character and every character is either a number or an alphabet and False otherwise. | message = ‘JamesBond007’ print(message.isalnum()) output – True |
| isalpha() | Returns True if string has at least 1 character and every character is an alphabet and False otherwise. | message=’JamesBond007′ print(message.isalpha()) output – False |
| isdigit() | Returns True if string contains only digits and False otherwise. | message=’007′ print(message.isdigit()) output – True |
| islower() | Returns True if string has at least 1 character and every character is a lowercase alphabet and False otherwise. | message = ‘Hello’ print(message.islower()) output – False |
| isspace() | Returns True if string contains only whitespace characters and False otherwise. | message = ” “ print(message.isspace()) output – True |
| isupper() | Returns True if string has at least 1 character and every character is an uppercase alphabet and False otherwise. | message = ‘HELLO’ print(message.isupper()) output – True |
| len(string) | Returns the length of the string. | str = ‘Hello’ print(len(string)) output – 5 |
| ljust(width[, fillchar]) | Returns a string left-justified to a total of width columns. Columns without characters are padded with the character specified in the fillchar argument. | str = ‘Hello’ print(str.ljust(10, ‘*’)) output – Hello***** |
| rjust(width[, fillchar]) | Returns a string right justified to a total of width columns. Columns without characters are padded with the character specified in the fillchar argument. | str = ‘Hello’ print(str.rjust(10, ‘*’)) output – *****Hello |
| zfill(width) | Returns string left padded with zeros to a total of width characters. It is used with numbers and also retain its sign (+ or -) | str = ‘1234’ print(str.zfill(10)) output – 0000001234 |
| lower() | Converts all characters in the string into lowercase. | str = ‘Hello’ print(str.lower()) output – hello |
| upper() | Converts all characters in the string into uppercase. | str = ‘Hello’ print(str.upper()) output – HELLO |
| lstrip() | Removes all leading whitespace in string. | str = ‘ Hello ‘ print(str.lstrip()) output – ‘Hello ‘ |
| rstrip() | Removes all trailing whitespace in string | str = ‘ Hello ‘ print(str.rstrip()) output – ‘ Hello’ |
| strip() | Removes all leading and trailing whitespaces in string. | str = ‘ Hello ‘ print(str.strip()) output – ‘Hello’ |
| max(str) | Returns the highest alphabetical character (having highest ASCII value) from the string. | str = ‘hello friendz’ print(max(str)) output – z |
| min(str) | Returns the lowest alphabetical character(lowest ASCII value) from the string. | str = ‘hello friendz’ print(min(str)) output – D |
| replace(old, new [, max]) | Replaces all or max( if given) occurrences of old in string with new. | str = ‘hello hello hello’ print(str.replace(‘he’, ‘FO’)) output – FOlloFOlloFOllo |
| title() | Returns string in title case. | str = ‘The world is beautiful’ print(str.title()) output – The World Is Beautiful |
| swapcase() | Toggles the case of every character( uppercase characters becomes lowercase and vice versa) | str = ‘The World Is Beautiful’ print(str.swapcase()) output – tHE wORLD iS bEAUTIFUL |
| split(delim) | Returns a list of substrings separated by the specified delimiter. If no delimiter is specified then by default it splits strings on all whitespace characters. | str = “abc,def, ghi,jkl” print(str.split(‘,’)) output – [‘abc’, ‘def’, ‘ ghi’, ‘jkl’] |
| join(list) | It is just opposite of split. The function joins a list of strings using the delimiter with which the function is invoked. | print(‘-‘.join([‘abc’, ‘def’, ‘ghi’, ‘jkl’])) output – abc-def-ghi-jkl |
| isidentifier() | Returns True if the string is a valid identifier. | str = ‘Hello’ print(str.isidentifier()) output – True |
| enumerate(str) | Returns an enumerate object that lists the index and value of all the characters in the string as pairs. | str= ‘Hello World’ print(list(enumerate(str))) output – [(0, ‘H’), (1, ‘e’), (2, ‘l’), (3, ‘l’), (4, ‘o’), (5, ‘ ‘), (6, ‘W’), (7, ‘o’), (8, ‘r’), (9, ‘l’), (10, ‘d’)] |
Related Posts –
- Python String Method – Capitalize()
- Python String Method – title()
- Python String Method – center()
- Python String Method – count()
- Python String Method – startswith()
- Python String Method – endswith()
- Python String Method – find()
- Python String Method – index()
- Python String Method – isalnum()
- Python String Method – isalpha()
- Python String Method – isdecimal()
- Python String Method – isdigit()
- Python String Method – islower()
- Python String Method – istitle()
- Python String Method – isupper()
- Python String Method – join()
- Python String Method – lower()
- Python String Method – upper()
- Python String Method – swapcase()
- Python String Method – lstrip()
- Python String Method – rstrip()
- Python String Method – strip()
- Python String Method – replace()
- Python String Method – zfill()